Причерноморье в Средние века. Вып. IX - страница 2

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According to the tradition of our scientifc school the main emphasis in this collective work is placed on the study of diferent types of newly discovered and unexplored sources: fnancial records, books of notarial acts, artefacts, coins and other monuments of the past. Te authors’ general scope pertains to the history of medieval Crimea and Northern Black Sea Coast, the Italian factories, the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate, the Pontus and Asia Minor. A lot of attention is dedicated to the history of science, archival materials, and the works of expeditions and of individual scientists engaged in the historical research of this region – all parts of which were closely connected through the course of history. Te fundamental tasks of the research team were to verify information and to create an accurate historical reconstruction of the complex (and ofen confusing) events and turns in the destiny of the countries, cities and nations on the shores of “the Great Sea”, as it was then called. Te team is composed of members of the Centre for the History of Byzantium and the Black Sea Region at Lomonosov Moscow State University, of Crimean historians and archaeologists, and of archivists.

S.P. Karpov

С. П. Карпов

Итальянские морские республики и Золотая Орда. Кризис 1343–1349 гг.[1]

Резюме: В статье рассматриваются истоки глубокого политико-экономического кризиса, поразившего весь Евразийский материк в середине XIV столетия. Начавшись с, казалось бы, незначительного эпизода межэтнического конфликта в Тане (Азове) в 1343 г., он привел к конфронтации итальянских морских республик – Генуи и Венеции – с Золотой Ордой, а затем и к войне самих этих республик между собой. Пружины и динамика развития кризиса, дипломатические усилия по его преодолению, военные события и экономические изменения во всем Причерноморье анализируются автором на основе комплексного привлечения всех доступных ему источников.

Summary: Tis article discusses the origins of a deep political and economic crisis, that afected the entire Eurasian continent in the middle of the 14th century. What began as seemingly minor episodes of inter-ethnic confict in Tana (Azov) in 1343, led to a confrontation between the Italian maritime republics (Genoa and Venice) and the Golden Horde, and then to a full-scale war between these republics. Te author, on the basis of a comprehensive examination of all the available sources, analyses the springs and dynamics of this crisis, the diplomatic eforts undertaken to overcome it, and the military events and economic changes that occurred throughout the Black Sea region as a consequence.

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