An organization within the United Nations to which all national and other standard setting bodies (should) defer. Develops and monitors international standards, including OSI, EDIFACT, and X.400.
C. EDI – Electronic Data Interchange: Intercompany, computerto-computer transmission of business information in a standard format. "Computer-to-computer" means direct transmission from the originating application program to the receiving, or processing, application program. An EDI transmission consists only of business data, not any accompanying verbiage or free-form messages.
D. LCL – Less-Than-Carload or Less-Than-Container Load: Shipment that is less than a complete rail car load (lot shipment).
E. RFID – Radio Frequency Identification: The use of radio frequency technology including RFID tags and tag readers to identify objects. Objects may include virtually anything physical, such as equipment, pallets of stock, or even individual units of product. RFID tags can be active or passive. Active tags contain a power source and emit a signal constantly. Passive tags receive power from the radio waves sent by the scanner / reader. The inherent advantages of RFID over bar code technology are: 1) the ability to be read over longer distances, 2) the limitation of requirement for “line of sight” reads, 3) added capacity to contain information, and 4) RFID tag data can be updated/changed.
F. GPS (Global Positioning System): A system which uses satellites to precisely locate an object on earth. Used by trucking companies to locate over-the-road equipment.
7. Give English equivalents for the phrases given below:
глобальная система позиционирования; международная организация по стандартизации; мелкая отправка; радиочастотная идентификация; распределительный центр; электронный обмен данными.
8. Translate the article:
Why the EU is worried about RFID
1. For a microchip that measures just a few millimeters across, RFID has already caused a fair degree of controversy. The radio tags – used on anything from pharmaceutical products to sea containers – have prompted campaigns by privacy groups, street demonstrations in continental Europe, and conspiracy theories a-plenty6. The latest organization to step into the controversy is the European Commission, which this month held a series of workshops