Wordlist:
recognize – признавать, узнавать
tireless – неустанный
graduate – получать высшее образование
research – исследование
concern – интерес, касаться, интересоваться
detector – детектор, датчик
establish – устанавливать, основывать
matter – вещество, материя
creator – создатель, творец
consist – состоит revolve – вращать, вращаться
Answer the questions:
1. When was Ernest Rutherford born?
2. What was Rutherford’s research concerned with?
3. When did Rutherford’s big triumph begin?
Text 7
Alessandro Volta(1745-1827)
Alessandro Volta was Italian physicist known for the invention of the battery in the 1800s. Volta was born in Como and educated in the public schools there. In 1774 he became professor of physics at the
Royal School in Como, and in the following year he devised the electrophorus, an instrument that produced charges of static electricity. In 1776-77 he applied himself to chemistry, studying atmospheric electricity and conducting experiments such as the ignition of gases by an electric spark in a closed vessel. In 1779 he became professor of physics at the University of Pavia, a chair he occupied for 25 years. By 1800 he had developed the so-called voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery, which produced a steady stream of electricity.
Wordlist
physicist – физик
charge – разряд
ignition – зажигание, воспламенение
voltaic pile – вольтов столб
Answer the questions:
1. What is electrophorus?
2. What experiments in the field of chemistry did he conduct?
3. When did he develop voltaic pile?
4. What did the voltaic pile produce?
Text 8
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)
Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris, France in 1858. He was a German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the Diesel engine.
Diesel developed a theory that revolutionized the concept of the combustion engine. He envisioned an engine in which air is compressed to such a degree that there is an extreme rise in temperature. When fuel is injected into the piston chamber with this air, the fuel is ignited by the high temperature of the air, exploding it, forcing the piston down. Diesel soon received a patent for his design and began building experimental models of his engine. The first working model ran in 1893 with 26 % efficiency, more than double the efficiency of the steam engine. In 1897 the first diesel engine suitable for practical use operated at a remarkable efficiency of 75 %.