Грамматика для написания научных статей - страница 7
However, when a vowel precedes -y just add -s for the plural form:
4. Add -es to countable nouns ending in a consonant + -o. For countable nouns ending in -f or -fe, change the ~f to a -v and add -es.
5. Some countable nouns have highly irregular plural forms and do not end in -s.
Use your dictionary to check any plural forms that you are not sure of.
6. Very rarely, you need an apostrophe before the -s to form the plural. You do this only when you form the plural of a letter of the alphabet or the plural of a word referred to as a word rather than the concept it represents.
I like to get Q’s in Scrabble.
This paragraph has too many and's in it.
In all other cases, an apostrophe with a noun signals possession, not number.
Task 2. Give the plural form of the following nouns. Use a dictionary to check your answers. Do not rely on general patterns; these often have exceptions.
Foot, house, mouse, woman, goose.
Belief, comedy, donkey, radio, hoof, thief, tomato.
Plurals of the nouns of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew origin are often used in English scientific writing even though their English plurals may exist in general use.
(Academic Writing and Speaking Сourse Pack)
D Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns form the second of the two classes of common nouns.
1. Uncountable nouns are used for nouns describing a mass, a natural substance, food, an abstract concept, a game, a disease, or a subject of study. Some examples follow.
A mass: clothing, equipment, furniture, garbage, homework, jewelry', luggage, machinery, money, scenery, traffic, transportation
A natural substance: air, blood, coal, copper, cotton, hair, heat, ice, iron, silver; water, wood, wool
Food; bacon, beef, bread, coffee, milk, rice, sugar
An abstract concept: advice, courage, education, fun, happiness, health, honesty, information, knowledge, success
A game: checkers, chess, soccer, tennis
A disease: arthritis, diabetes, influenza, measles, smallpox
A subject of study: biology, economics, history, physics, statistics
Countable and uncountable nouns vary from language to language. Also, nouns that are countable in English, such as furniture, information, and hair, may be uncountable in other languages.
Uncountable nouns have no plural form. You can use nouns such as