Probabilistic Theory of Stock Exchanges - страница 26

Modern markets are complex non-linear nonequilibrium dynamic systems, since all market agents are in constant interaction with each other and external forces, in other words, in constant motion in search of profitable connections to buy or sell goods and services. Buyers seek to buy as low as possible, and sellers want the highest possible price. Mathematically, we can describe this time-dependent dynamic and evolutionary market process as a movement in some formal economic space of market agents acting according to objective economic laws. Therefore, this movement has a somewhat deterministic character, and the market movement itself, or the evolution of the market system, in time can be approximated by equations of motion similar to the equations of motion in physics, such as the Lagrange equations in classical mechanics or Schrödinger equations in quantum mechanics.

In relatively free markets, buyers and sellers consciously and deliberately enter into trade deals with each other, because they enter into transactions only on mutually beneficial terms. It is not necessarily the case that they will seek to maximize their profits in every deal they make, since they understand that deals can only be mutually beneficial. But they try, usually, to increase their financial benefit by entering into as many of these mutually beneficial transactions as possible. Thus, it can be argued that the market as a whole seeks to maximize the trade volume, and moreover, to do it in monetary terms, as agents naturally seek, in the end, to increase their personal profits expressed in terms of money. This principle triggers the market process and the action of the laws of supply and demand. But the role of the state should also be taken into account, since it is present in the market as a full-fledged market agent and because, due to its enormous resources, it can, figuratively speaking, play not only the part of the first violin, but also the role of the conductor in this orchestra. Consequently, market dynamics can be approximated by applying the trade volume maximization principle to the market as a whole. Due to the fact that at present we do not have a developed mathematical body to use the more general principle of least action and the corresponding Lagrange equations of motion, the trade volume maximization still remains the only tool in this theory that helps to evaluate at least short-term trends in market dynamics.