The core of the formation of digital railway technologies is the full integration of intelligent communication technologies between the user, vehicle, traffic management system and infrastructure.
The main tasks of using IoT in railway transport include:
– reducing the influence of the human factor;
– development of paperless document management;
– improving the reliability and safety of traffic;
– reduction of the number of workers in the area of heavy traffic;
– reduction of the life cycle cost of railway infrastructure and rolling stock;
– improvement of transport logistics;
– expansion of international transport corridors.
In railway transport, the industrial Internet of Things is characterized by the unification of information collection systems, a cloud platform and a personalized system for the formation of control actions.
There are many functional directions for the development of digital technologies and IoT. In particular, in relation to the railway transport complex, the following can be distinguished:
1) IoT is used in working with rolling stock: passenger and freight cars, locomotives, electric trains. With this technology, it is possible to control their movement and location in order to provide additional services.
The role of IoT in performing the task of optimizing production processes consists of the following functions:
– maintenance of rolling stock according to technical condition;
– reduction of consumption of fuel and energy resources;
– remote monitoring and control of the location of the locomotive and wagon fleet, optimization of the logistics of wagons and cargo.
2) IoT diagnostics and monitoring of the condition of rolling stock:
– analysis of data promptly received from sensors in the process of monitoring the technical condition of the train, allows you to move from the modeling system to predicting the pre-failure condition;
– development of preventive measures aimed at improving reliability and operational readiness to increase the service life of particularly important components and parts of rolling stock, based on the analysis of their monitoring;
– reduction of the probability of failures of the main elements and associated downtime;
– creation of a database on the terms of repairs and areas of circulation of rolling stock for rational planning of maintenance and repair;