1.2.2.2 Self-driving cars
An actual trend in recent years is the introduction of autonomous driving technology to improve the efficiency and safety of traffic [46]
Already today, there is a «Connected cars» technology that allows a car to have a permanent bidirectional connection with other devices and machines. It should be noted right away that an increase in the number of such machines will improve the interaction between them.
To date, the following systems of intelligent interaction of objects of the transport process and the environment are distinguished:
V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure (markings, traffic lights, road signs, etc.)): this type collects information about the infrastructure around the car, about changes in environmental conditions, about safety, etc.;
V2V (Vehicle to vehicle): this type, in turn, collects information and is exchanged by means of wireless technologies with the nearest machines to reduce accidents;
V2C (Vehicle to cloud): allows you to share information with the cloud and use information from other areas related to the cloud, for example, with a smart home;
V2P (Vehicle to people or Vehicle to pedestrian): exchanges information with pedestrians, allows you to increase mobility and reduce accidents on the roads;
V2X (Vehicle to Everything): exchanges information with all vehicles and infrastructure, includes cars, highways, planes, etc.
– V2D (Vehicle to device);
– I2I (infrastructure-to-infrastructure, interaction between different infrastructure elements).
Prospects for using IoT in combination with unmanned vehicles:
– smart home management. When plotting a route to the user’s home, an unmanned vehicle can send a signal to the home equipment to perform certain actions, as well as control the garage door, which will automatically park the unmanned vehicle, and much more;
– route estimation. The car, using IoT technologies, can estimate the route (elevation difference, traffic congestion), thereby optimizing its further movement;
– automatic payment. A simple but convenient way to pay for parking, toll roads, and more;
– reduction of accidents on the roads. The computer responsible for driving the car will be able to automatically receive information about possible concentrations of people in certain areas and take the necessary measures.