– the malignant process develops by the proliferation of malignant cells within the red marrow, and by haematogenous and lymphogenous spread in the host body;
– the malignant process impacts haemopoiesis, homeostasis, immunity etc.
Lymphoma is a group of malignant haematological diseases of lymphatic tissue characterised by malignant transformation of lymphoid cells;
– the precursors of malignant stem cells are pluripotent or unipotent stem cells of lymphopoiesis located in the red marrow;
– the first stage (initiation) of the “birth” of a malignant stem cell takes place in the red marrow, the second stage (promotion) in the location of the primary malignant focus;
– the basis of a malignant stem cell “birth” is a block of differentiation and transformation of a pluripotent or unipotent stem cell of lymphopoiesis;
– the mechanism of a malignant stem cell “birth” is the genotype and epigenetic changes of a pluripotent or unipotent stem cell of lymphopoiesis following the carcinogenic impact;
– the malignant process starts from the “birth” of one malignant stem cell, which then forms a clone of malignant cells;
– the malignant process is manifested through forming the primary malignant focus located in the lymph nodes (nodal involvement) or in any other organs and tissues (extra nodal involvement);
– the malignant process is developed by lymphogenous spread in the host body, sometimes cells of lymphoma are detected in the blood, but usually they tend to form thick tumours in the lymphatic system or in the internal organs (liver, stomach, nervous system or in other places);
– the malignant process impacts haemopoiesis, homeostasis, immunity etc.
Solid Tumours are the largest in quantity, heterogeneous group of malignant diseases, which develop through multi-stage malignant transformation of a normal proliferating somatic cell into a malignant stem cell:
– the origins of malignant cells are not known, as the precursor of the malignant stem cells is not known. It is supposed that the precursors are normal somatic proliferating cells – cambial cells, which are located in the area of the crypts’ floor, glands’ neck, periosteum and perichondrium, along the blood vessels’ flow and also in the area of intense restorative proliferation;