underpin emotional regulation – поддерживать регуляцию эмоций
neural circuits – нейронные цепи
prefrontal cortex – префронтальная кора
decision-making – принятие решений
impulsive behavior – импульсивное поведение
amygdala – миндалевидное тело
hippocampus – гиппокамп
memory consolidation – консолидация памяти
insula – островковая доля
detects bodily changes – определяет изменения в теле
play a crucial role – играет важную роль
facilitates alertness – помогает сохранять бдительность
structural and functional connectivity – структурная и функциональная связь
promote enhanced cognitive control – способствует более эффективному когнитивному контролю
likewise – аналогичным образом
overreactions to emotional stimuli – чрезмерная реакция на эмоциональные стимулы
transcranial magnetic stimulation – транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция
Investigating cognitive functioning in psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are characterized by profound alterations in thinking, perception, and behavior. Impaired cognitive functioning is a core symptom that significantly impacts the daily lives of individuals with these disorders. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these cognitive deficits is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Neurocognitive Deficits: Individuals with psychotic disorders exhibit a range of cognitive deficits, including:
Attention and executive function: Difficulty sustaining attention, inhibiting impulses, and planning complex tasks.
Memory: Impaired short-term and long-term memory, particularly for episodic and semantic information.
Processing speed: Slowed information processing and reaction times.
Language: Reduced verbal fluency, impaired comprehension, and difficulty with social communication.
Neurobiological Basis: The underlying neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders are complex and multifaceted. They involve alterations in brain structure, function, and neurochemical systems.
Brain structure: Reduced brain volume, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
Brain function: Abnormal patterns of brain activity, such as hyperactivity in certain regions and hypoactivity in others.
Neurochemical systems: Dysregulation of dopamine, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmitter systems.