Equations and mathematics
Initially, it is important to determine the class of tasks where the use of tunneling technology may be in demand. Due to the fact that the maximum transmission speed when using fiber—optic systems or oscillatory circuits with a transmitting electromagnetic field is the speed of light in the specified medium and in the maximum case, it is 299,792,458 m/s, capable of circumnavigating the planet Earth in 0.134 s – the maximum possible delay in the transmission system, it becomes obvious that the scope of application data transmission systems with high speeds are becoming cosmic in scale. Space probes are already being used by international organizations. The earliest probes are Pioneer 5, 6 (A), 7 (B), 8 (C) and others, the earliest are Helios A, Helios B, ISEE—3, Ulysses, Wind, SOHO, ACE and modern ones are the second exit of Ulysses, Genesis [3—7; 11—12; 14].
Also, among the probes there are Stereo A operating to date since 2006, DSCOVR since 2015, Parker Solar Probe until December 2025, ESA from 2020, ISRO from 2023 and others. Also, each of the probes is divided into different categories – Solar probes aimed at exploring the Sun and located at a comparative distance from Earth up to 1 astronomical unit, which also include Mercury probes – Mariner 10, MESSENGER, BeliKolombo and others and Venus probes – Venus 1, Mariner 1, Sputnik 19, Sputnik 2, Cosmos 27, Zone 1, Venus 8, Mariner 10, Pioneer Venus, Venus 12, Venus 11, Magellan, Galileo, Cassini and others [2—5; 7—14]. But there are also probes directed in the opposite direction, which include the Mars probes – Mars 1B No. 1, Mariner 3, Zone 2, Mars 1969A, Cosmos 419, PrOP-M, Mars 5, Mars 6, Mars 7, Phobos 1 and 2, the 2001 Martian Odyssey, Nozomi, Mars Express not counting a large number of rovers – Mars A «Spirit», Mars B «Opportunity», along with others – Rosetta, Phoenix, Dawn, Marco A «WALL—I», Marco B «Eve», Tianwen-1, Zhuron, Psyche, Hera, Europa Clipper and others [13—14; 15].