Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries.
Financia1 law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity.
Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of social life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right in property is the central institution of civil law.
The rules of labour law include the legislation on the labour of industrial and office workers and regulate matters arising from labour relations.
Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals.
Criminal law takes the form of a criminal code consisting of a general and special part.
Text D. Criminal Law
Criminal Law is to provide for the Russian social and state system, personal property and the personal rights of citizens against criminal encroachments.
Criminal Law defines the acts which are socially dangerous and mustbe regarded as crimes. It lays down the penalties that should be applied to persons committing these crimes. Here are some leading principles of Russia Criminal Law:
1 A person may be charged with criminal responsibility only when he has committed an act specially provided for in Criminal Law.
2 Responsibility can exist only in the presence of guilt.
3 Criminal punishment shall be applied only by sentence of the court.
4 Persons committing crimes in a state of intoxication are not released from criminal responsibility.
5 The death sentence may be passed as an exceptional penalty in cases specifically enumerated in law.
Text E. The Russian Court and the Procurator’s Office
The Russian Court is an organ of state that administers justice on the basis of the laws of the Russian State.
The basic Russian judicial organ is the district People's Court which consists of a judge and two people's assessors having the rights of a judge when the court is in session.
The district People's Court hears the majority of the cases. More important cases such as the crimes against the state are determined by the regional court or a court of equal standing.
The Supreme Court of Russia is the highest judicial organ of the Russia State. It is charged to supervise the work of all judicial organs.