F. The office of the constable was introduced in England following the Norman Conquest of 1066 and was responsible for the keeping and maintenance of the king's armaments and those of the villages as a measure of protecting individual settlements throughout the country.
The office of Lord High Constable, one of the Great Officers of State, was established in England and Scotland during the reign of King Stephen (1135-1154) and was responsible for the command of the army. The British police function was historically performed by private watchmen (existing from 1500 on), thief-takers, and so on. The former were funded by private individuals and organizations and the latter by privatelyfunded rewards for catching criminals, who would then be compelled to return stolen property or pay restitution.
G. The system of policing by unpaid parish constables continued in England until the 19th century; in the London metropolitan area it was ended by the creation of the Metropolitan Police in 1829, and outside London by the County Police Act 1839, which allowed counties to establish full-time professional police forces. However, the term "constable" was still used by officers of the new police forces, and most outside London were headed by a chief constable. This system is still used today. The City of London Police is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the City of London. The service responsible for law enforcement within the rest of Greater London is the Metropolitan Police Service, a separate organization.
1.1.2 Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык:
1.1.3 Прочитайте следующие утверждения и укажите, являются ли они верными:
1) Police forces are usually organized and funded by some level of government.
2) The term “constable” was still used by officers of the new police forces, and most outside London were headed by a chief constable.
3) Law enforcement constitutes major part of policing activity.
4) The City of London Police is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in London.
5) Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects.
6) In many jurisdictions police officers carry weapons in the normal course of their duties.
7) Police functions include protecting life and property.