A person, unlike a computer, has fuzzy thinking, effectively operates with variables not only quantitative, but also qualitative. Therefore, expert systems that model the style of human reasoning are especially successfully used in solving complex problems associated with the use of hard-to-formalize knowledge. It is important to understand that the creation of a specific expert system is a long and expensive process that requires the involvement of specialists in various fields – programmers, knowledge engineers, experts in the field of application under consideration. One of the main problems in this case is the formation of knowledge, which is transmitted during numerous interviews of a knowledge engineer and an expert in the subject area. The stage of knowledge acquisition is one of the main bottlenecks in the technology of creating expert systems due to the low rate of filling the system’s knowledge base. It should be added to this that there are subject areas for which it is often difficult to find an experienced expert person, and sometimes there simply does not exist one. In addition, it has long been noticed that not all experts are ready and able to share their knowledge [2,8.10].
An important quality of technical systems that allows them to be classified as intelligent is the presence of such properties as:
■ learnability – the ability to generate new knowledge and data (models, decision rules) based on inductive inference mechanisms, generalization of statistical data, etc.;
■ classification ability – the ability of the system to independently differentiate control objects, environmental influences, control signals, automatically structure data;
■ adaptation – the ability of the system to adapt to the changing conditions of the operating environment, correctly take into account the non-stationarity of control data, etc
One of the promising approaches to the creation of intelligent systems may be to attract the ideas of situational management as a system – wide approach based on formal methods of theoretical artificial intelligence – logical-linguistic models, models of learning technical systems in the construction of management procedures for current situations, deductive systems for building multistep solutions, etc. In this important area of research, as well as in the development of general methodology, theoretical foundations and specific applications, priority undoubtedly belongs to Russian scientists.