Most often, obesity occurs due to excessive consumption of high-calorie food containing large amounts of fats and carbohydrates, while the person’s physical activity is sharply reduced. Such obesity is called primary or alimentary. The most effective treatment for primary or alimentary obesity is diet and physical exercises.
There is also obesity that occurs due to various diseases of the endocrine glands and the central nervous system. It occurs much less frequently and is called secondary. Such obesity requires special treatment by a doctor.
Obesity can cause diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, respiratory system, endocrine glands, joints, and spine.
Decrease in body weight can lead to weakening of the body’s resistance to diseases, a decrease in the level of vital energy with nervousness and insomnia, poor appetite and depression, general malaise, and mental instability. Tissue depletion can be accompanied by signs of premature aging with hair and tooth loss, and bone fragility. Insufficient weight (excessive thinness) can be considered a disease if the weight is significantly reduced and predisposes to the disruption of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, tuberculosis, and other diseases, as well as in the terminal stages of tumors of various organs.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT!
the human body cannot exist without oxygen, which is obtained from the surrounding atmospheric air, containing about 21%. At the beginning of the oxygen delivery process to the body is the respiratory system, which through respiratory movements of the chest carries out ventilation of the lungs. Breathing essentially represents gas exchange between the body and the external environment. The final stage of breathing is the utilization of oxygen by tissues and their release of CO2. Breathing is a set of processes that provide the body with oxygen consumption and the release of excess carbon dioxide, aimed at maintaining the body’s gas homeostasis. The respiratory system begins with the nose and throat, followed by the trachea and two major bronchi for the left and right lungs. Then, the bronchi divide dichotomously, i.e., each one into two daughter bronchi, with a total of 23 generations of the bronchial tree. Under resting conditions, a person breathes in such a way that only a part of the total lung volume is used, so there is always a reserve for inhalation and exhalation. Four lung volumes are distinguished: Tidal volume (TV) – the amount of air that enters the lungs with each inhalation; Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) – the amount of air that a person can additionally inhale after a normal inhalation under resting conditions; Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) – the amount of air that a person can exhale after a calm exhalation; Residual volume (RV) – the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after the deepest exhalation (Figure 1).